Eliminating Alcohol May Reduce The Risk Of Esophageal Cancer

Eliminating Alcohol May Reduce The Risk Of Esophageal Cancer

Article Date: 14 Sep 2012 – 10:00 PDT

 

Low levels of alcohol intake have been found to decrease risk of esophageal cancer.

The exact cause of esophageal cancer is not known. Previous research has stated it is more common in people with acid-reflux, and people with acid-reflux tend to be obese.

Other factors can also increase the risk such as:

  • Gender. It is more common in men than women.
  • Age. People over the age of 45 are at a greater risk.
  • Smoking. Amount of tobacco used and how long it is used affects risk.
  • Alcohol. Drinking a large amount over a long period of time.
  • Diet. Low fruit and vegetable diet increases risk.
  • Obesity. Being overweight can put you at a higher risk.

This particular research was based on 17 studies with information regarding giving up alcohol and risks of esophageal cancer. The authors discovered that alcohol-related risk of esophageal cancer is changeable after stopping alcohol intake, taking 16 years to return to non-drinking risk levels. They believe one half of the decrease in risk of cancer could occur within 4 to 5 years.

One limitation for this study could be smoking adjustments: most upper aero-digestive cancers show a meaningful interaction between alcohol consumption and smoking in relation to cancer risk. Another is large differences that were found in the alcohol-cancer association for different regions. Also, the authors did not have data for the separation of ex-drinkers and non-drinkers, as well as no guidelines for the baseline pattern of drinking.

The important conclusion is that quitting drinking may decrease risk of esophageal cancer. Other studies suggest just reducing alcohol intake to a moderate level can be associated with lowering of cancer risk for non-smokers. Low level alcohol consumption has also been seen to have advantageous effects on diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other medical conditions. Article Link…

Written by Kelly Fitzgerald 
Copyright: Medical News Today

 

Sober and Serene, a Champ Is Still Swinging

Sober and Serene, a Champ Is Still Swinging

 

 

RANCHO PALOS VERDES, Calif. — The ball was nowhere to be found when he reached the green, and Oscar De La Hoya assumed it must have spun back into the rough. Too bad. He had nailed a gorgeous 9-iron approach from 135 yards right at the flag on Trump National Golf Club’s opening hole, an uphill par 4. He deserved better. One of his playing partners, who knew the course well, then offered a possibility De La Hoya had yet to consider: “It’s in the hole.”

 

That’s exactly where it was, prompting De La Hoya, the former boxing champ, to celebrate his stunning eagle earlier this month as if he had just registered another knockout. Such is the joy De La Hoya, 39, derives when his game is on, which is often the case — he is a 7-handicapper.

“Oh, my God,” he said in the cart on the way to the second tee. “I’ve got to call the wife.”

The rest of the day went downhill from a scoring standpoint — how could it not? — though De La Hoya recorded a splendid eight-over-par 79 on a course that can be quite punishing. More important, his mood never wavered, a man finally at peace with himself 20 years after he captured a gold medal at the Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, and became known as the Golden Boy.

The reason for his serenity is not difficult to figure out. De La Hoya, who took his first drink at the age of 9, checked himself into a Malibu, Calif., treatment center in May 2011. He has not had a drop of alcohol since, he said. He also came clean on using cocaine and cheating on his wife, Millie.

Of his many prized possessions, two seem to carry extra meaning. One is the gold medal. The other is a round chip marking the day he began the program.

“I almost lost everything,” De La Hoya said shortly after he notched his third straight bogey, at No. 4. “I’m sure glad she stuck around because any other woman would have easily just walked out on me and taken everything. And I wouldn’t have minded if she would have taken everything because I deserved it.”

There have been moments in his recovery when he thought about going back to the bottle. He went to an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting instead.

“Everything was O.K. again,” he said.

At No. 5, a challenging, 444-yard par 4, De La Hoya hit his drive a long way and ended up with a par. He followed with another solid par at No. 6, a 409-yard par 4. On the back nine, he parred five holes, including three of the last four.

De La Hoya did not play golf growing up in East Los Angeles. “I didn’t know what a golf course was,” he said.

It was not until he reached his early 20s that his brother persuaded him to go to a driving range. He was awful, spraying the ball all over the place. Then came the last ball in his bucket. He killed it. He was hooked, hitting balls nearly every day.

Three months later, he teed it up for the first time, firing a 97 at Montebello Country Club. It wasn’t too long before he was shooting in the 80s. Even his profession was not going to get in the way. “I would sometimes take days off from training to go play,” he said.

In the late ’90s, during a round at Friendly Hills Country Club in Whittier, Calif., he was on the phone with a representative of Titleist, the equipment company that had shipped him a set of clubs.

“Give me a second; I’m going to hit my shot,” he said.

The next sound the Titleist rep heard was an ecstatic De La Hoya, who aced a 185-yard par 3, the first of two he has recorded.

His Achilles’ heel, as is the case with many golfers, is the putter, which let him down on a few occasions during the day. In the last three months, he has experimented with five different versions, though he has avoided the belly putter. Nonetheless, De La Hoya, who tees it up about twice a week, said he planned to try out for the Champions Tour when he turns 50 in 2023.

“Got the green light from the wife,” he said. “She understands that golf fulfills me.”

De La Hoya, who has taken only one formal lesson, knows that making it as a professional will require great dedication. He is ready. “If it takes me to practice every day, a minimum four or five hours, I’ll do it,” he said.

De La Hoya, who in 2002 started Golden Boy Promotions, a Los Angeles-based boxing promotions company, has done quite well in the business world. As for his own boxing days, he said they were definitely over. De La Hoya, whose last fight was a loss to Manny Pacquiao in December 2008, is satisfied with what he has accomplished in the ring. He finished with 39 victories and 6 defeats.

Golf is another matter. He was certainly not satisfied with his performance at Trump National.

“I have not practiced much,” said De La Hoya, who was frustrated with his inconsistency off the tee. “If my driver is not on, then I can’t get into the groove.”

He did not stay frustrated for long. His life could not be better. At last. Article Link…

Prolonged Opioid Use After Surgery Most Likely Due To Factors Other Than Pain

Prolonged Opioid Use After Surgery Most Likely Due To Factors Other Than Pain

Article Date: 30 Aug 2012 – 11:00 PDT

 

According to a study in the September issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia, official journal of the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS), the risk of continuing to use strong pain-relieving drugs many months after surgery increases with non-pain related factors, such as previous use of pain medications, symptoms of depression, and high perceived risk of addiction.

Dr. Ian Carroll of Stanford University and lead author, said: “Each of these factors was a better predictor of prolonged opioid use than postoperative pain duration or severity.”

In order to recognize preoperative factors that predict continued use of opioid drugs long after an operation, the experts analyzed factors associated with long-term use of strong pain medications in 109 patients who were undergoing various types of operation, such as chest surgery, breast cancer surgery, or joint replacement. 

Patients were evaluated before undergoing surgery for factors that the researchers believed could potentially influence the use of pain medications.

After the procedure finished, each patient underwent regular assessment of their use of opioid medications, such as morphine and other associated drugs.

Five months after operation, 6% of the subjects still had a doctor’s order to take opioid drugs.

After adjusting for other factors, scientists discovered 3 factors that were independently related to long-term opioid use: Read More…

Marijuana Use May Cause Pregnancy Complications

Marijuana Use May Cause Pregnancy Complications

Article Date: 13 Sep 2012 – 0:00 PDT

 

Pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, may be connected to marijuana-like compounds (endocannabinoids), which were also found to alter genes and biological signals essential to the formation of a normal placenta during pregnancy.

Experts in the Division of Reproductive Scientists at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center have shown new evidence inThe Journal of Biological Chemistry, that the movement of early embryonic cells, which are critical to a healthy pregnancy, in particular trophoblast cells that form the placenta, are disrupted by abnormal biological signaling by endocannabinoid lipid molecules that are produced by the body.

This study supports prior research from August of this year in Drug Testing and Analysis, which indicated that the THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) contained in ‘high potency’ marijuana and other brands of ‘synthetic marijuana’, may damage embryonic development, as early as two weeks after conception. Read More…

How Genetics Shape Our Addictions: Genes Predict the Brain’s Reaction to Smoking

How Genetics Shape Our Addictions: Genes Predict the Brain’s Reaction to Smoking

 

ScienceDaily (Sep. 11, 2012) — Have you ever wondered why some people find it so much easier to stop smoking than others? New research shows that vulnerability to smoking addiction is shaped by our genes. A study from the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital — The Neuro, McGill University shows that people with genetically fast nicotine metabolism have a significantly greater brain response to smoking cues than those with slow nicotine metabolism.

 

Previous research shows that greater reactivity to smoking cues predicts decreased success at smoking cessation and that environmental cues promote increased nicotine intake in animals and humans. This new finding that nicotine metabolism rates affect the brain’s response to smoking may lead the way for tailoring smoking cessation programs based on individual genetics.

 

Smoking cues, such as the sight of cigarettes or smokers, affect smoking behavior and are linked to relapse and cigarette use. Nicotine metabolism, by a liver enzyme, also influences smoking behavior. Variations in the gene that codes for this enzyme determine slow or fast rates of metabolism and therefore, the level of nicotine in the blood that reaches the brain. In the study smokers were screened for their nicotine metabolism rates and their enzyme genotype. Participants were aged 18 — 35 and smoked 5-25 cigarettes daily for a minimum of 2 years. People with the slowest and fastest metabolism had their brain response to visual smoking cues measured using functional MRI. Fast metabolizers had significantly greater response to visual cigarette cues than slow metabolizers in brain areas linked to memory, motivation and reward, namely the amygdala, hippocampus, striatum, insula, and cingulate cortex.

 

“The finding that nicotine metabolism rate has an impact on the brain’s response to smoking cues supports our hypothesis that individuals with fast nicotine metabolism rates would have a greater brain response to smoking cues because of close coupling in everyday life between exposure to cigarettes and surges in blood nicotine concentration. In other words they learn to associate cigarette smoking with the nicotine surge,” says clinician-scientist Dr. Alain Dagher, lead investigator at The Neuro. “In contrast, individuals with slow metabolism rates, who have relatively constant nicotine blood levels throughout the day, are less likely to develop conditioned responses to cues. For them, smoking is not associated with brief nicotine surges, so they are smoking for other reasons. Possibilities include maintenance of constant brain nicotine levels for cognitive enhancement (ie, improved attention, memory), or relief of stress or anxiety.”

 

Future research could focus on improving smoking cessation methods by tailoring treatments for different types of smokers. One possibility is to measure the rate of nicotine metabolism as part of the therapeutic decision-making process. For example, targeting cue-induced relapse risk may not help those with slow nicotine metabolism, who are more likely to benefit from long-acting cholinergic drugs such as the nicotine patch, consistent with previous clinical trials. Conversely the use of non-nicotine based therapies aimed at reducing craving may help fast metabolizers, as demonstrated for buproprion, an anti-depressant that has been used for smoking cessation. Link to article page…

Death In Rehab: What Is Wrong With California’s Addiction Treatment?

Death In Rehab: What Is Wrong With California’s Addiction Treatment?

 

 

We at A3 have long been saying that there is something seriously wrong with the way addiction treatment is being regulated and with the addiction treatment system that has sprouted up as a result. Now, a government report created for the California Senate Rules Committee called “Rogue Rehabs: State failed to police drug and alcohol homes, with deadly results” (see here) supports our notion and extends them in alarming ways. Among the major findings:

 

  1. Over the past decade, the California department in charge of regulating residential drug and alcohol programs consistently failed to catch life threatening problems [with addiction treatment facilities].
  2. Many addiction treatment facilities in California are providing medical care in clear violation of their licenses and often by under-trained staff.
  3. Addiction treatment providers are accepting patients that are far too impaired (as in sick) for them to handle because they would rather take the money than turn away a patient.
  4. These problems have led to several deaths within the California addiction treatment system in the last decade.

 

Obviously these findings are extremely disturbing and cases like the one studies in the report of Brandon Jacques, a patient who died while under the care of MorningSide Recovery’s care, could have been prevented with more attention and transparency in our system. The idea that addiction treatment facilities that are not equipped to handle severe cases are taking them just for the money is sickening and antithetical to the reason for their existence. As far as I’m concerned, such unethical flouting of patient care should lead to an immediate revocation of their license and a ban for the management from the field.

The most distrubing factor to my mind is the fact that many of these providers know that what they are doing is wrong. But they also know that more than 50% of people who are looking for addiction treatment are doing so for the first time and have no idea what to ask, what addiction services they need, or how to assess whether a facility is appropriate. That means they can take advantage of them with fancy websites and the use of terms like “holistic treatment” that mean little and promise much. It’s disgusting and flies in the face of everything our field is supposed to stand for. It’s also the main reason I worked so hard to develop our Rehab-Finder, which while far from perfect and in need of serious work that I can’t afford to put into it, tries to fix these problems by recommending treatment that is appropriate given the specific issues a client is dealing with. We are currently conducting a study with UCLA on the effectiveness of tools like this and I am committed to figuring out a safer way to help those in need find the right addiction treatment for them. Read More…

 

How Common Is Heroin Overdose?

How Common Is Heroin Overdose? 

 

In 2010, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) noted that the overdose death rate is about five times what it was in 1990 and is currently at an all-time high. They reported that in 2007, drug overdose was the second-highest cause of unintentional injury death, second only to motor vehicle accidents. The most common drugs involved in drug overdose deaths were found to be cocaine, prescription painkillers and heroin.

Heroin Medical Emergencies

The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) monitors hospital emergency room visits related to the use of drugs and alcohol. They reported that in 2009, heroin was involved in more than 213,000 visits. For each 100,000 people in the United States, there were 69.4 medical emergencies involving heroin during the year.

Although abuse of and overdose on prescription drugs is a serious and growing problem, street drugs like heroin have an additional danger. The purity of illicit drugs is unpredictable and varies significantly between batches. People may overdose on heroin because when they take what they believe is their usual dose, they are actually receiving a larger amount of the drug. Read More…

 

Marijuana Use Linked To Testicular Cancer

Marijuana Use Linked To Testicular Cancer

Article Date: 10 Sep 2012 – 12:00 PDT

 

Regular marijuana usage has been linked to a higher risk of testicular cancer, researchers from the University of California have revealed.

The findings, published in Cancer, a peer-reviewed journal by the American Cancer Society, say the cancer-causing effects of marijuana on testicular cells should be assessed in decisions associated with recreational drug use, as well as when used for therapeutic purposes in male patients.

A previous study in February 2009, carried out by scientists from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, also suggested a link between regular marijuana usage and testicular cancer. Read More…

Are you thinking about smoking Hydrocodone?

smoking

Are you thinking about smoking Hydrocodone?

Don’t just try smoking hydrocodone without learning about the risks. Taking hydrocodone in any way other than prescribed by a doctor can be dangerous – and often less effective than when you take hydrocodone orally. What do doctors prescribe hydrocodone for? Pain relief and occasionally to treat coughs. We review more about smoking hydrocodone and welcome any questions about hydrocodone at the end.

 

Does smoking hydrocodone work or get you high?

Hydrocodone is prescribed to help manage moderate pain, but as an opioid medicine, hydrocodone can also cause a euphoric “high” in some people, especially when taken in large amounts. Though hydrocodone is intended to be taken orally, many people will crush up hydrocodone pills. However, smoking hydrocodone is not most effective delivery method for hydrocodone, and smoking hydrocodone is unlikely to get you high.

 

What does smoking hydrocodone do to you?

When you inhale hydrocodone by smoking it, small amounts of the drug enter the nasal tissues and begin to effect the brain almost immediately. However, you’re also inhaling various fillers and binders found in medications as well, which won’t be absorbed and can cause a number of health problems, including eye and lung irritation. What happens when you overdose on hydrocodone? Usually, slowed or shallow breathing occurs, a major indicator that the central nervous system has slowed too much. Get emergency help in cases because oxygen may be in short supply to your brain, causing permanent damage or even death.

 

Smoking hydrocodone side effects

Smoking hydrocodone can result in a number of different side effects, including:

  • agitation
  • dizziness
  • nausea
  • nervousness
  • vomiting
  • weakness

Smoking hydrocodone on tin foil

By heating hydrocodone on foil, the heat works to vaporize the active ingredient so that it can be inhaled. However, high temperatures can easily destroy the active ingredients of hydrocodone so this method isn’t very effective. Taking extra hydrocodone to try to get better effects only increases exposure to the dangerous binders and fillers in the drug.

 

Smoking hydrocodone with weed

Because both hydrocodone and weed effect the central nervous system, combining the two drugs may be dangerous. Weed and hydrocodone both impact coordination and judgment, making it more likely you’ll end up in an accident. Mixing alcohol and hydrocodone works similarly, and is also very risky.

 

Is smoking Hydrocodone bad for you?

Yes, the inactive ingredients often combined with hydrocodone make it terrible for you if you try to smoke pills containing hydrocodone. Further, smoked hydrocodone is not an effective method for pain relief or getting high, and the fillers and binders can cause a lot of physical damage even without the medication having any effects on you.

 

Can you smoke hydrocodone?

You can smoke hydrocodone, but it probably won’t have enough of an effect for a satisfying high, and it may not even have an analgesic effect. Because of the heightened risk of adverse side effects, it’s not advisable as a method for taking hydrocodone. Read More…

Alcoholics Anonymous Participation Promotes Long-Term Recovery

Alcoholics Anonymous Participation Promotes Long-Term Recovery

Article Date: 10 Sep 2012 – 1:00 PDT

 

A new study published in a special issue of Substance Abuse finds that recovering alcoholics who help others in 12-step programs furthers their time sober, consideration for others, step-work, and long-term meeting attendance.

These novel findings are from a 10-year, prospective investigation led by Maria Pagano, PhD, associate professor of psychiatry at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and principal investigator of the “Helping Others” study. Dr. Pagano and colleagues evaluated the decade long of treatment outcomes using data from a single site in Project MATCH, the largest multi-site randomized clinical trial on behavioral treatments of alcoholism sponsored by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. In a large sample with high representation of Hispanic problem drinkers, this study investigated the 10-year course and impact of programmatic activities in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) on long-term outcomes. Results showed that participation in Alcoholics Anonymous-related Helping (AAH) produced lowered alcohol use and increased interest in others at each subsequent follow-up assessment. Read More…